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  SQLMap is an open-source penetration testing tool that automates the process of detecting and exploiting SQL injection vulnerabilities in web applications. It is written in Python and is available on Linux, Windows, and macOS. SQLMap is a powerful tool that can be used by security professionals, penetration testers, and ethical hackers to identify and exploit SQL injection vulnerabilities in web applications. SQL injection is a type of security vulnerability that allows an attacker to manipulate a web application's SQL database by injecting malicious SQL statements into an entry field, such as a search field or a login form. This can lead to data theft, data manipulation, and even complete control of the web application and its underlying database. SQLMap works by sending various SQL injection techniques to the targeted web application to identify vulnerabilities. It supports a wide range of database management systems such as MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL

Injection flaws allow attackers to relay malicious code through an application to another system. These attacks include calls to the operating system via system calls, the use of external programs via shell commands, as well as calls to backend databases via SQL (i.e., SQL injection). Whole scripts written in Perl, Python, and other languages can be injected into poorly designed applications and executed. Any time an application uses an interpreter of any type there is a danger of introducing an injection vulnerability. Many web applications use operating system features and external programs to perform their functions. Sendmail is probably the most frequently invoked external program, but many other programs are used as well. When a web application passes information from an HTTP request through as part of an external request, it must be carefully scrubbed. Otherwise, the attacker can inject special (meta) characters, malicious commands, or command modifiers into the informat